بررسی توزیع وزنی ذرات معلق اتمسفری در منطقه حکیمیه (شمال شرق تهران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر دانشکده و پژوهشکده عمران، آب و انرژی ، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)

2 دانشیار محیط زیست، گروه محیطزیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیطزیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

3 استاد تمام فیزیک، پژوهشکده چرخه سوخت هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تحقیقات زیادی در جهت شناخت تأثیرات کمی و کیفی ذرات معلق اتمسفری بر بهداشت فردی انجام شده است. براساس نتایج این پژوهش­ها نوع توزیع وزنی ذرات معلق ارتباط مستقیمی با اثرات بهداشت و سلامتی آن‌ها دارد. از طرفی هم جهت باد غالب تاثیر بسزایی در این روند دارد. با توجه جهت باد غالب در کلانشهر تهران جهت بررسی نحوه توزیع وزنی ذرات معلق اتمسفری در منطقه حکیمیه تهران (شمال شرقی تهران)، با استفاده از نمونه­بردار ایمپکتور بصورت ماهیانه در طول یک سال از مهرماه 1400 تا شهریور 1401 نمونه‌برداری صورت گرفت. جهت ارزیابی دقیق نتایج، ایستگاه میدان آزادی جهت مقایسه ایستگاه پایش اصلی انتخاب و نمونه‌برداری همزمان صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان می­دهد که حدود 2/18 درصد از ذرات معلق در این منطقه مورد مطالعه، قطری کمتر از 4/0 میکرومتر را داشته و بیش از 7/30 درصد از ذرات کمتر از 7/0 میکرومتر دارند. این درحالی است که میانگین کل ذرات در این منطقه µg/m3 3/4±5/117 بود. در ایستگاه آزادی کمتر از 8/21 درصد از ذرات معلق جمع­آوری شده قطری کمتر از 7/0 میکرومتر را داشتند. در حالی که میانگین غلظت در این منطقه µg/m3 8/2±61/166 بود. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، ساکنان نواحی شرق و شمال شرقی تهران در طول شبانه­روز در تماس بیشتری با ذرات ریز و قطری کمتر از 7/0 میکرومتر قرار داشته که این شرایط در فضای داخلی اماکن مسکونی، اداری و تجاری منطقه نیز تاثیرگذار است. با توجه به خطرپذیری ذرات کوچکتر از 2 میکرومتر برای دستگاه تنفسی، با آگاهی از این موضوع می­بایست تدابیر لازم در خصوص مدیریت زمان حضور در فضای بیرون و همچنین ایجاد زیرساخت لازم در جهت محدود کردن نفوذ ذرات به محیط داخل صورت گیرد.

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