Designing the T5M conceptual model and ranking the components and indicators of accidents and incidents

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Safety, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran

2 M.Sc. in Safety Engineering, Faculty of Safety, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Given the growing importance of accident and disaster prevention in workplaces and the necessity of employing effective analytical approaches, the present study was conducted with the aim of introducing and explaining the application of the T5M model in analyzing factors influencing the occurrence of accidents in organizations. This research is categorized as a descriptive–survey study and was carried out in the field. The statistical population consisted of 65 safety experts engaged in accident investigation and analysis within military units. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample size of 56 was determined and selected randomly. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire comprising 42 tems, including 6 open-ended questions and 36 items designed on a Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by academic supervisors and advisors, while its reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, which yielded a value of 0.91. The findings indicate that the T5M model can serve as a comprehensive and practical framework for root-cause analysis of accidents in organizations. Results of data analysis and component ranking using the Friedman test revealed that the different dimensions of the model vary in importance. Simultaneous attention to technical, environmental, human, and managerial factors plays a significant role in effective accident prevention. Overall, the T5M model provides safety managers with a suitable tool for identifying risk-prone areas and designing preventive measures.

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History

  • Received Date: 14 December 2025
  • Received Date: 16 December 2025
  • Accepted Date: 07 February 2026
  • Published Date: 21 January 2026

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