Investigating the dispersion of air pollution and its effects on public health and environmental safety with simulation in MATLAB

Air pollution remains a critical global challenge that affects public health, environmental safety, and urban sustainability. This study presents a computational framework simulated in MATLAB to model the dispersion of pollutants from industrial emission sources and assess their potential impacts on health and the environment. In this paper, the spatiotemporal distribution of matter (PM₂.₅) under different atmospheric conditions and emission rates is simulated using a two-dimensional adiabatic-dispersion equation. The model includes wind speed, atmospheric stability, and topographic features to predict the concentration of pollutants in a hypothetical urban-industrial area. The simulation results show that at low wind speeds and stable atmospheric conditions, PM₂.₅ levels exceed the WHO limit at 1.5 km downstream of the source. Health risk assessment based on exposure duration and concentration indicates a higher risk of respiratory diseases in nearby residential areas. These findings highlight the importance of integrating simulation tools into urban planning and environmental regulation.