Civil and criminal liability of individuals for pollution resulting from waste management

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the dimensions of civil and criminal liability of individuals in waste pollution and analyze the role of the legal system in dealing with the harmful effects of unprincipled waste disposal. Given that the environment is the fundamental basis for human survival and development, the increase in waste production and its release in marine and terrestrial environments during the industrialization process of countries has led to widespread consequences such as ecosystem destruction, disease outbreaks, and threats to public health.

Method: The research method was descriptive-analytical and based on library study, review of international documents, domestic laws, and analysis of legal procedures related to waste management. In this method, concepts, regulations, and civil and criminal enforcement guarantees have been analyzed and categorized using reliable sources of environmental law.

Findings: The research findings show that the legal system, both at the national and international levels, has been able to take an effective step in controlling and reducing the effects of waste by anticipating civil and criminal mechanisms. Civil liability emphasizes more on compensation and restoration of the previous state of the environment, while criminal liability plays a deterrent role by imposing penalties such as imprisonment, fines, and closure of the polluting unit.

Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the importance of the role of the media, regulatory institutions, and international cooperation in prevention, culture building, and efficient waste management. Together, these factors can pave the way for environmental protection for future generations.